Smart Polymersomes Dually Functionalized with cRGD and Fusogenic GALA Peptides Enable Specific and High-Efficiency Cytosolic Delivery of Apoptotic Proteins

Peili Yao, Yifan Zhang, Hao Meng, Huanli Sun^*（孙欢利）, and Zhiyuan Zhong^*（钟志远）

Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China

Biomacromolecules, 2019, 20 (1),184--191

Low cell selectivity and uptake coupled with endosomal entrapment pose critical hurdles for intracellular delivery and clinical translation of therapeutic proteins. Herein, we report that smart polymersomes dually functionalized with cRGD and fusogenic GALA peptides (cRGD/GALA-Ps) enable α_νβ₃-specific and high-efficiency cytosolic delivery of cytochrome C (CC), a model apoptotic protein, to A549 human lung cancer cells. cRGD/GALA-Ps was prepared with 20 mol % cRGD and varying GALA contents from 2 to 4 to 6 mol % via coassembly of PEG-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-dithiolane trimethylene carbonate)-spermine (PEG-b-P(TMC-co-DTC)-spermine), cRGD-PEG-b-P(TMC-co-DTC), and maleimide-PEG-b-P(TMC-co-DTC) and postmodification using GALA-SH (sequence: CWEAALAEALAEALAEHLAEALAEALEALAA). cRGD/GALA-Ps loaded with ∼13 wt % CC displayed a small size of about 65 nm and fast glutathione-triggered protein release. Interestingly, cRGD/GALA-Ps maintained a similar targeting ability to cRGD-Ps in α_νβ₃-positive A549 lung cancer cells, while markedly enhanced cytosolic release of FITC-labeled CC, as revealed by confocal microscopy. MTT assays exhibited that CC-loaded cRGD/GALA-Ps was significantly more potent than CC-loaded cRGD-Ps, in which cell viabilities of 76.2, 51.0, 29.6, and 35.5% were discerned for cRGD/GALA-Ps with 0, 2, 4, and 6 mol % GALA, respectively, at 15.4 μM CC. Apoptosis assays corroborated that cRGD/GALA-Ps-CC with 4 mol % GALA induced better apoptosis of A549 cells than cRGD-Ps-CC (cell apoptosis: 36.4 vs 14.4%). These results highlight that dual-functionalization of polymersomes with targeting and fusogenic peptides provides an appealing strategy for cytosolic protein delivery.

链接：https://pubs.acs.org.ccindex.cn/doi/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01243