Buckled Amorphous Hollow Carbon Spheres: Facile Fabrication, Buckling Process, and Applications as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Zhifeng Zhu^†,Ze Chen^†, Gaojian Lin^§, Yuanhang Ge^†, Yingfeng Tu^†, Hui Chen^†, Sunjie Ye^*,‡,and Xiaoming Yang^*,†,∥（杨晓明）

^†State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China

^‡ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. § Department of Mechanics Engineering, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China^∥ Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (Zhejiang Sci-Tech University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310023, China

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces2019, 11, 30116--30124

Buckled hollow carbon nanospheres (BHCSs) integrate several attractive properties desired for a variety of potential applications. However, the development of a feasible and simple method for preparing BHCS nanoparticles remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a facile strategy for fabricating monodisperse BHCSs via the compression of intact hollow carbon nanospheres (HCSs) with improved mechanical strength. The essence of our strategy lies in the successful preparation of robust HCSs that can sustain large mechanical deformation during compression, based on the introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the synthesis of HCS templates. Both experiments and finite element analyses are conducted to probe the deformation mechanism of buckling, suggesting that the residual stress introduced by pyrolysis of precursors plays a predominant role in the buckling process. Furthermore, the use of BHCSs as high-performance supercapacitors is demonstrated. Our work provides important insights into the engineering of robust amorphous carbon nanomaterials by the template method and mechanical modulation and provides an innovative synthetic strategy for fabricating asymmetric hollow spheres with potential for a diversity of applications.

链接：https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b07412